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Mauritania - When to Visit

When to Visit Mauritania

Climate guide & best times to travel

Mauritania sits in the heart of the Sahara, which pretty much tells you everything you need to know about its climate - it's hot, dry, and unforgiving for most of the year. The country experiences two main seasons: a cooler, more tolerable period from November to March, and an intensely hot season from April to October. There's technically a "rainy season" from July to September in the southern regions, though calling it that feels generous - you might see 100-200mm total in the south, while the northern desert gets virtually nothing. The Atlantic coast around Nouakchott benefits from ocean breezes that take the edge off, but venture inland and you're dealing with proper desert conditions. What makes Mauritania's climate particularly challenging is the harmattan wind that blows from the Sahara between November and March, bringing dust storms and reduced visibility. Temperatures can swing dramatically - winter nights in the desert might drop to 5°C (41°F), while summer days regularly push past 45°C (113°F) in the interior. The humidity reading of 70% you'll see is likely coastal, where Atlantic moisture lingers, but inland it's bone-dry. This isn't a destination where you casually show up any time of year - timing matters significantly for both comfort and safety.

Best Time to Visit

Beach & Relaxation
November to February offers the most comfortable coastal weather, with cooler temperatures and pleasant ocean breezes around Nouakchott and Nouadhibou, though the water stays quite cool year-round.
Cultural Exploration
November to March is ideal for exploring ancient cities like Chinguetti and Ouadane, when temperatures are manageable enough to wander through historic quarters and engage with local communities without risk of heat exhaustion.
Adventure & Hiking
December to February is your window for desert expeditions and the Adrar Plateau, when daytime temperatures are tolerable and nighttime cold is manageable with proper gear - avoid April to October entirely unless you enjoy genuinely dangerous heat.
Budget Travel
July to September sees fewer tourists due to extreme heat and the marginal rainy season, potentially offering better accommodation rates, though you'll be sacrificing comfort and some transportation options for those savings.

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What to Pack

Year-Round Essentials

High SPF sunscreen (50+)
The Saharan sun is relentless year-round, and you'll burn faster than you think, even in winter months.
Lightweight scarf or cheche
Essential for protecting your face from sun, dust storms, and sand, plus it's culturally respectful in this conservative Muslim country.
Quality sunglasses with UV protection
The glare from sand and dust is intense, and eye protection isn't optional in desert conditions.
Reusable water bottle with purification
Staying hydrated is critical, and you'll want the ability to purify water from various sources.
Dust masks or bandana
Harmattan winds and general desert conditions mean you'll be dealing with dust in your airways regularly.
Power bank and charging cables
Electricity can be unreliable outside major cities, and you'll want backup power for your phone and devices.
Basic first aid kit with rehydration salts
Medical facilities are limited, and heat exhaustion is a real risk - being prepared is essential.

Spring (Mar-May)

Clothing
Lightweight long-sleeve shirts, Loose cotton pants, Wide-brimmed hat
Footwear
Closed-toe sandals or breathable hiking shoes that handle sand
Accessories
Lightweight day pack, Cooling towel
Layering Tip
Heat is building rapidly, so focus on breathable, sun-protective layers rather than warmth - you won't need anything heavy.

Summer (Jun-Aug)

Clothing
Ultra-lightweight, loose-fitting clothes, Long sleeves for sun protection, Light-colored fabrics
Footwear
Sandals that can handle extreme heat without melting
Accessories
Portable fan, Extra electrolyte supplements, Cooling neck wrap
Layering Tip
Layering isn't really relevant - it's all about maximum breathability and sun protection in brutal heat.

Autumn (Sep-Nov)

Clothing
Light long-sleeve shirts, Convertible pants, Breathable t-shirts
Footwear
Comfortable walking shoes for increasingly pleasant exploration
Accessories
Light jacket for early November evenings, Day pack for longer excursions
Layering Tip
Early autumn is still hot, but by November you'll want a light layer for evenings - temperatures start dropping noticeably.

Winter (Dec-Feb)

Clothing
Long-sleeve shirts, Long pants, Fleece or light jacket for evenings
Footwear
Closed-toe shoes with good traction for desert terrain
Accessories
Warm layer for desert nights, Gloves for early morning desert trips
Layering Tip
Days are warm but nights get genuinely cold in the desert - bring layers you can add and remove as temperatures swing 20+ degrees.
Plug Type
Type C (European two-pin)
Voltage
220V, 50Hz
Adapter Note
Most travelers will need an adapter unless coming from continental Europe; North American devices will also need a voltage converter unless dual-voltage.

Skip These Items

Heavy winter coat (even winter nights need only a fleece or light jacket) Umbrella (rainfall is minimal and sporadic) Fancy clothes or jewelry (this is a conservative, practical destination) Hair dryer (the dry climate means hair dries instantly, and electricity is unreliable) Too many books (dust gets into everything - bring a Kindle instead)

Month-by-Month Guide

January

This is prime Mauritania weather, relatively speaking. Daytime temperatures are warm but manageable, though nights can get surprisingly cold in the desert interior. The harmattan winds bring dust, so visibility can be hazy, but it's still the most comfortable time to explore. Tourist numbers are at their peak, particularly for desert expeditions.

26°C (79°F) High
13°C (55°F) Low
2mm (0.1in) Rainfall
High Crowds
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February

Similar to January but temperatures start creeping upward as you move through the month. Still excellent for travel, with clear skies and manageable heat during the day. The harmattan continues, so dust is a constant companion. This is your last month of truly comfortable desert exploration before things get serious.

28°C (82°F) High
15°C (59°F) Low
1mm (0.04in) Rainfall
High Crowds
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March

The heat starts building noticeably, especially in the interior regions. Coastal areas remain more tolerable thanks to ocean breezes, but desert temperatures are climbing into uncomfortable territory. It's still technically feasible for travel, but you'll need to be more strategic about timing activities for early morning or late afternoon.

31°C (88°F) High
17°C (63°F) Low
1mm (0.04in) Rainfall
Medium Crowds
View Details →

April

Now we're entering genuinely hot territory. Temperatures regularly exceed 35°C (95°F) inland, and the heat becomes a real factor in what you can actually do. The coast is your friend this month - Nouakchott and Nouadhibou remain somewhat bearable. Most experienced travelers are wrapping up their trips or have already left.

33°C (91°F) High
19°C (66°F) Low
0mm (0in) Rainfall
Low Crowds
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May

Intensely hot across the country, with interior regions becoming borderline dangerous for extended outdoor activities. Temperatures frequently hit 40°C (104°F) or higher. If you're here, you're either on unavoidable business or seriously underestimated the Sahara. The coast offers marginal relief but it's still oppressively hot.

35°C (95°F) High
22°C (72°F) Low
0mm (0in) Rainfall
Low Crowds
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June

Peak heat arrives, with some of the highest temperatures of the year. The southern regions start seeing hints of moisture in the air as the rainy season approaches, which somehow makes the heat feel worse. This is genuinely difficult weather - not the romantic desert heat of winter, but the kind that makes you question your life choices.

37°C (99°F) High
25°C (77°F) Low
2mm (0.1in) Rainfall
Low Crowds
View Details →

July

The official start of the rainy season in southern Mauritania, though "rainy" is relative - you might see occasional storms rather than sustained rainfall. Temperatures remain brutally hot, and the added humidity in the south makes it feel worse. The coast gets some relief from ocean winds, but it's still far from pleasant.

35°C (95°F) High
26°C (79°F) Low
25mm (1in) Rainfall
Low Crowds
View Details →

August

The wettest month in southern regions, though that's not saying much - maybe 50-80mm if you're lucky. Temperatures stay high but might drop slightly during storms. The combination of heat and humidity is challenging. Northern desert areas remain bone-dry and scorching. This is definitely off-season for good reason.

34°C (93°F) High
26°C (79°F) Low
60mm (2.4in) Rainfall
Low Crowds
View Details →

September

The tail end of the rainy season, with precipitation tapering off. Temperatures begin their slow descent from peak summer heat, but it's still very hot. The landscape in southern areas might show some green if the rains were decent. Still not a comfortable time to visit, but marginally better than July or August.

35°C (95°F) High
26°C (79°F) Low
30mm (1.2in) Rainfall
Low Crowds
View Details →

October

Heat starts breaking, particularly toward the end of the month. Daytime temperatures remain hot but become more manageable, especially on the coast. Nights begin cooling off noticeably. This is when experienced travelers start considering returning - it's still warm, but you can function outdoors without feeling like you're in an oven.

34°C (93°F) High
24°C (75°F) Low
8mm (0.3in) Rainfall
Low Crowds
View Details →

November

The weather turns genuinely pleasant, relatively speaking. Daytime temperatures are warm but comfortable, nights are cool, and the oppressive heat is gone. This marks the beginning of tourist season, particularly for desert expeditions and cultural tours. The harmattan winds start picking up, bringing dust but also cooler air.

31°C (88°F) High
19°C (66°F) Low
3mm (0.1in) Rainfall
Medium Crowds
View Details →

December

Peak tourist season weather - warm days, cool nights, minimal rainfall, and clear skies (when the dust settles). Desert temperatures are ideal for exploration, though you'll need warm layers for nighttime. The coast can actually feel a bit chilly with ocean winds. This is Mauritania at its most accessible.

27°C (81°F) High
14°C (57°F) Low
2mm (0.1in) Rainfall
High Crowds
View Details →

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